How does an electric forklift work?

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Electric forklifts have come a long way. They’re quieter, cleaner, and cheaper to run than gas-powered machines, and they’re now the first choice if your job is based indoors. You can think of them like a giant rechargeable power tool. Plug them in to charge, and the battery powers everything from the wheels to a hydraulic pump for lifting loads. 

 

All Star Access Hire electric forklift parked outside a commercial workshop, ready for material handling tasks.

 

What are electric forklifts powered by?

Electric forklifts are powered by either lithium-ion or lead-acid rechargeable batteries, which run the electric motors that drive the machine. 

Lead-acid batteries are the tried-and-true option. They’re more affordable upfront, but do need regular maintenance and work best when given a full charge cycle each time. 

Lithium-ion batteries cost more to start with, but charge faster, last longer, and need very little upkeep. They also support opportunity charging, so the operator can top them up during breaks rather than waiting for a full cycle. 

When you operate an electric forklift, the battery sends power to the electric motors that drive the wheels and to a separate hydraulic pump that raises and lowers the mast and forks. The whole thing runs without gears, a clutch, or exhaust, which makes for smooth, responsive control that’s easier on the operator and better for the environment.

 

Electric vs propane forklifts

Out of all the different types of forklifts, one of the biggest advantages of electric models is zero direct emissions, which makes them the only practical choice for working indoors. They also have fewer moving parts than propane (LPG) machines, which keeps servicing costs down over time.

Propane forklifts do have their place, particularly for heavy outdoor work where charging infrastructure isn’t available. But for most warehouse applications, electric forklifts come out ahead on running costs and practicality.

 

How does an electric forklift work?

 

Electric forklift capacity and specifications

The battery and motor size determine how much a forklift can lift and for how long. And while electric forklifts aren’t as heavy-duty as LPG machines, don’t let that fool you – they still pack serious lifting power, with capacity ranging from 1 tonne for lighter indoor work all the way up to 3 or more tonnes for demanding industrial applications. 

 

1 to 2 tonne electric forklifts

The smallest range of electric forklifts are well-suited to narrow aisles and light indoor work sites. They’re compact, easy to manoeuvre in tight spaces, and simple to keep charged without a big setup. 

All Star’s 1.8 tonne three-wheel electric forklift range sits in the 1 to 2 tonne category. It delivers high energy efficiency, outstanding safety, and excellent power and performance, all with zero operating emissions. And while it’s a natural fit for indoor work, it’s just as comfortable operating outside when the job calls for it.    

General specs

  • Load capacity: 1,000 to 2,000 kg
  • Load centre: 500mm
  • Battery voltage: 24V to 48V
  • Turning radius: approximately 1,365 to 1,675mm

 

2 to 3 tonne electric forklifts

These machines handle everyday pallet loads comfortably across a full shift and are versatile enough to suit a wide range of indoor environments. If your operation involves regular pallet movement and moderate load sizes, this is the range worth looking at.

General specs

  • Load capacity: 2,000 to 3,000 kg
  • Load centre: 500mm
  • Battery voltage: 48V to 80V
  • Turning radius: approximately 1,700 to 2,100mm

 

3 tonne and above electric forklifts

These large electric forklifts are built for industrial environments and heavier, more demanding loads where capacity and durability are a priority. These larger machines are designed to work hard day in, day out, whether that’s in a manufacturing facility, a large distribution centre, or any site where moving heavy materials is part of the daily routine.

General specs

  • Load capacity: 3,000 kg and above
  • Load centre: 500 to 600mm
  • Battery voltage: 80V to 96V
  • Turning radius: approximately 2,100mm and above

 

Choosing the best electric forklift for your worksite

The best electric forklift comes down to a few key things — how much you need to lift, how tight your aisles are, and how long your shifts run. For most indoor operations, a 1 to 2 tonne machine will cover the basics comfortably. Step up to the 2 to 3 tonne range if you’re moving heavier pallets regularly, and go 3 tonne and above if you’re in a serious industrial setting.

If you’re not sure where to start, the All Star team is happy to talk it through. View our electric forklifts for hire or give us a call on 1300 066 710 and we’ll help you find the right machine for the job.